Hexavalent Chromium

What is hexavalent chromium?

Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is one of the valence states (+6) of the element chromium. It is usually produced by an industrial process. Cr (VI) is known to cause cancer. In addition, it targets the respiratory system, kidneys, liver, skin and eyes.

Cr (VI) compounds may be used as pigments in dyes, paints, inks, and plastics.

Chromium metal is added to alloy steel to increase hardenability and corrosion resistance. It also may be used as an anticorrosive agent added to paints, primers, and other surface coatings. The Cr (VI) compound chromic acid is used to electroplate chromium onto metal parts to provide a decorative or protective coating.

Who is exposed to hexavalent chromium?

Many workers in a variety of occupations are potentially exposed to Cr (VI) in the United States. Workplace exposures occur mainly in the following areas:

Welding and other types of "hot work" on stainless steel and other metals that contain chromium
Use of pigments, spray paints and coatings
Operating chrome plating baths

How are people exposed to hexavalent chromium?

Industrial processes that involve chromium can result in worker exposure to toxic hexavalent chromium. OSHA provides a publicly available Chemical Exposure Health Database, which includes industrial hygiene sample results from OSHA inspections.

This data provides a snapshot of industry sectors and business subcategories where levels of airborne Cr (VI) have been found. While the tables represent only a small fraction of the total number of companies in their respective industries, the results can provide insight into where workplace Cr (VI) exposure is occurring in the United States.

OEHS Hexavalent Chromium Services

OEHS can provide air monitoring services for Hex Cr. Personal sampling pumps will be placed on employees who are suspected of being exposed to Hexavalent Chromium. The duration of the sample period is the entire work shift. For shifts greater than eight hours a reduction factor is applied to the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) to compensate for the additional exposure.